As an ExPostal employee I can say the following:

Either party can start the claim process.

You must take the broken item to the Post Office along with all packing materials.

If is insured for less than $50 the local Post Office will pay you. (about 7 days)

If it is insured for more than $50 it will take about 4 weeks to get the money.

Only the shipper will receive the payment no matter which party files the claim. It is then up to the shipper to give you your money.

Remember if you claim that 25% or more of the item is not damaged you get to keep the item. Most people don't know this however the Postal Service will adjust the amount paid.

As far as my dealings in the chip business goes. I will refund the money out of my pocket and then wait for the Post Office to pay me. It makes the customer happy and saves me grief.